DNA sequencing is the process of determining the sequence of nucleotide bases (As, Ts, Cs, and Gs) in a piece of DNA. Today, with the right equipment and materials, sequencing a short …

In order to understand the biological function of DNA, you first need to understand its molecular structure. This requires learning the vocabulary for talking about the building blocks of DNA, …

This article delves into the hierarchical structure of DNA organization, from its fundamental molecular level to its final compact form as chromosomes in the nucleus.

A scientist designs a primer, which is a short oligonucleotide, for use in a DNA sequencing reaction. The primer is complementary to the DNA template shown below.

Using PCR, a DNA sequence can be amplified millions or billions of times, producing enough DNA copies to be analyzed using other techniques. For instance, the DNA may be visualized …

How can pieces of DNA from different sources (such as a human gene and a bacterial plasmid) be joined together to make a single DNA molecule? One common method is based on …

We're going to break down DNA sequencing into three different steps. The first step is you take the sample of DNA that you are interested in sequencing and you basically use PCR to amplify …

The picture below shows DNA being transcribed by many RNA polymerases at the same time, each with an RNA "tail" trailing behind it. The polymerases near the start of the gene have …

Due to the large size of DNA molecules, cutting them up into smaller molecules makes the job of reading them easier. However, these fragments are first cloned into vectors that are …

DNA molecules have an antiparallel structure - that is, the two strands of the helix run in opposite directions of one another. Each strand has a 5' end and a 3' end.